Building block for use in constructing a building

ABSTRACT

The invention is related to a building block for use in interlocking with a plurality of similar building blocks for constructing a building. The building block includes a front face, a rear face, an upper face, a lower face, a first end and a second end. The building block also includes at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) and at least one substantially horizontal channel, wherein the at least one horizontal channel is disposed along one of the upper face and the lower face. In addition, each of the first end and the second end includes at least one header face, wherein at least one the header face can be one of a substantially planar face, a male header face and a female header face. Each of the male header face and the female header face includes one or more patterns for interlocking.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention generally relates to a building block for use inconstruction. More specifically, the invention relates to a buildingblock for use in interlocking with similar blocks for constructing abuilding.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Building blocks are widely used in the building and constructionindustry. The building blocks are mainly used as load-bearing andnon-load bearing materials, wherein they are laid on stack or runningbond using cementitious materials. This is due to properties of thebuilding blocks such as, but not limited to, high strength, toughness,stability and high chemical durability. Interlocking building blocks areused in constructing buildings, due to numerous advantages overconventional building blocks.

The building blocks are produced using different process. Modern clayblocks are formed using processes such as, but not limited to, soft mudprocess, dry press, and extrusion. The dry press method is similar tomud blocks but starts with a much thicker clay mix and therefore itforms more accurate, sharper-edged blocks.

Currently, the blocks are manufactured using a fixed set of materialswhich are expensive. The processes used in manufacturing the blocks arealso rigid and there is little scope for changing the processes. Forsome applications, the properties of the block may not satisfy all therequirements.

Currently, assembling interlocking building blocks requires significantamount of effort. There are also several design issues which hinders theassembly of the interlocking building blocks. Also the interlockingbuilding blocks need extra support such as, an adhesive and a rebar forstrengthening the construction. Also, the usability of the interlockingblocks is limited due to the inefficient designing of male and femaleinterconnects to interlock a plurality of interlocking blocks.

Therefore, there is a need to develop an interlocking block, which isfunctional, easy to construct and cost effective.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer toidentical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate viewsand which together with the detailed description below are incorporatedin and form part of the specification, serve to further illustratevarious embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages allin accordance with the invention.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary representation of an upper isometricview of a building block in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary representation of a lower isometric viewof the building block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary representation of a plan view of thebuilding block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary representation of an elevation view ofthe building block in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate different perspective views of a corner block inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 6A-6F illustrate different perspective views of a T-block, inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate different perspective views of a cross block, inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 8A-8F illustrate different perspective views of a connectingblock, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of a building wall constructedusing a plurality of similar building blocks in accordance with anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of a network of horizontalchannels and vertical channels within the building wall constructedusing the plurality of similar building blocks in accordance with anembodiment of the invention.

Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures areillustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily beendrawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements inthe figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help toimprove understanding of embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before describing in detail embodiments that are in accordance with theinvention, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarilyin different aspects of a building block for use in constructing abuilding. Accordingly, the different aspects have been represented whereappropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only thosespecific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments ofthe invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that willbe readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having thebenefit of the description herein.

In this document, relational terms such as first and second, top andbottom, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity oraction from another entity or action without necessarily requiring orimplying any actual such relationship or order between such entities oractions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variationthereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that aprocess, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elementsdoes not include only those elements but may include other elements notexpressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, orapparatus. An element proceeded by “comprises . . . a” does not, withoutmore constraints, preclude the existence of additional identicalelements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprisesthe element.

Generally speaking, pursuant to various embodiments, the inventionprovides details regarding the structure of a building block for use ininterlocking with a plurality of similar building blocks forconstructing a building.

Referring to the figures and in particular to FIGS. 1-4, wherein FIG. 1illustrates an exemplary representation of an upper isometric view of abuilding block 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention,FIG. 2 illustrates a lower isometric view of building block 100 inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 illustrates aplan view of building block 100 in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention, and FIG. 4 illustrates an elevation view of building block100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG.1, building block 100 includes a front face and a rear face, such asfront face 102 and rear face 104. The front face and the rear face arevertically oriented and are substantially planar surfaces. In someexemplary implementations, the front face and the rear face can bedesigned as one or more of, but not limited to, a smooth surface and apatterned surface.

Building block 100 further includes an upper face and a lower face suchas an upper face 106 and a lower face 108 as shown in FIG. 1. The upperface can be a horizontally inclined planar surface as shown in FIG. 1.In an embodiment, the upper face can include one or more horizontalsurfaces at different elevations. For example, the upper face includes afirst portion 118 and a second portion 120, where first portion 118 isplaced at an elevated level relative to second portion 120, as shown inFIG. 1. In an exemplary embodiment, the lower face is substantiallycomplementary to the upper face, as shown in FIG. 2. In someembodiments, the upper face and the lower face of building block 100 aresuitably modified to form an interlocking bond with a correspondinglower face and upper face of cooperating building blocks when stackedupon each other, wherein the cooperating building blocks are similar tobuilding block 100. The upper face and the lower face can have one ormore patterns in order to facilitate interlocking between thecooperating building blocks. In an embodiment, the one or more patternsinclude one of, but not limited to, a running pattern, a crossed patternand a lobed pattern.

In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, building block100 includes at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) such as,but not limited to, a vertical hollow (web) 110 a and a vertical hollow(web) 110 b. Further, the at least one substantially vertical hollow(web) extends from the upper face to the lower face of building block100 as shown in FIG. 1. In various embodiments, parameters such as shapeand size of the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) can becustomized as desired. For example, the at least one substantiallyvertical hollow (web) can be designed to have a shape such as,cylindrical, cuboidal, semi cylindrical shape and the like. For example,the at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) has a cuboidalstructure as shown in FIG. 1. In accordance with the embodiment, the atleast one substantially vertical hollow (web) is designed to beperpendicular to the upper surface and the lower face of building block100. The aforementioned design of the at least one substantiallyvertical hollow (web) facilitates in the formation of vertical channel,when a plurality of building blocks, similar to building block 100, arestacked upon each other. Further, in accordance with the embodimentshown in FIG. 1, building block 100 includes two substantiallysymmetrical vertical hollows (webs). It will be apparent that buildingblock 100 can include different numbers of substantially verticalhollows (webs). For instance, building block 100 can include onesubstantially vertical hollow (web). Alternately, building block 100 caninclude three or more than three substantially vertical hollows (webs).

Building block 100 further includes at least one substantiallyhorizontal channel such as, but not limited to, a horizontal channel112. Horizontal channel 112 is disposed along at least one of the upperface and the lower face of building block 100. The at least onesubstantially horizontal channel can be designed as one or morestructures such as, a concave structure, a concave polygonal structureand the like. Variations in design of the at least one substantiallyhorizontal channel would be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in theart. In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one substantiallyhorizontal channel has a concave structure as shown in FIG. 1. In anexemplary embodiment, the at least one substantially horizontal channelis disposed on at least one of the upper face and the lower face ofbuilding block 100. In accordance with the embodiment, the at least onesubstantially horizontal channel is disposed between the front face andthe rear face of building block 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the atleast one substantially horizontal channel is disposed at the centerportion of at least one of the upper face and lower face. In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, building block 100 includes twosubstantially horizontal channels as shown, wherein each of the upperface and the lower face comprises one substantially horizontal channelthat is of a concave structure. It is possible that building block 100includes only one substantially horizontal channel, wherein the at leastone substantially horizontal on one of the upper face and the lower faceof building block 100. Further, the at least one substantiallyhorizontal channel is designed such that when a first building block anda second building block similar to building block 100 are stacked, theupper face of the first building block mates with the lower face of thesecond building block resulting in the formation of a horizontal channelsuch as a horizontal channel 152 as shown in FIG. 4.

Building block 100 further includes a first end and a second end (notnumbered in figures). At least one of the first end and the second endincludes at least one header face. The header face is one of asubstantially planar face, a male header face such as a male header face126 and a female header face such as a female header face 128. Each ofthe first end and the second end can include one or more header faces.For example, the first end can include one male header face and thesecond end includes one female header face as shown in FIG. 1. The maleheader face protrudes outwards at one of the first end and the secondend of building block 100. For instance, the male header face protrudesoutwards at the first end as shown in FIG. 3. The female header faceprotrudes inwards at one of the first end and the second end of buildingblock 100. For instance, the female header face protrudes inwards at thesecond end of building block 100 as shown in FIG. 3. The design of themale header face and the female header face is such that the male headerface of one building block can interlock with the female header face ofa cooperating building block, wherein the blocks are identical orsimilar to building block 100. In various embodiments, the male headerface and the female header face include one or more patterns in order tofacilitate interlocking between the cooperating building blocks. In anembodiment, the one or more patterns include one of, but not limited to,a running pattern, a crossed pattern and a lobed pattern. In anembodiment, the male header includes a first stepped pattern projectingoutwards as shown in FIG. 3. In an embodiment, the first stepped patternincludes a central contact surface such as a central contact surface 130and other contact surfaces disposed symmetrically about the centralcontact surface such as, but not limited to, a first contact surface 132and a second contact surface 134 as shown in FIG. 3. In an embodiment,the female header face includes a second stepped pattern substantiallycomplementary to the male header face. In an embodiment, the secondstepped pattern includes a central groove such as a central groove 136and other grooves disposed symmetrically about the central groove suchas, but not limited to, a first groove 138 and a second groove 140 asshown in FIG. 3. It will be apparent that there could be numerousvariations in the design of the first stepped pattern and the secondstepped pattern and as such those variations would be apparent to thoseordinarily skilled in the art. For instance, the number of steps couldbe different than those illustrated in the figures. Alternately, thedesign of the first stepped pattern and the second stepped pattern canbe other than that illustrated in the figures.

In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, when a firstbuilding block and a second building block similar to building block 100are mated adjacent to each other the interlocking bond is formed.Precisely, when the male header face of the first building block ismated with the female header face of the second building block, theinterlocking bond is formed due to the complementary nature of thepatterns between the male header face and the female header face. In anexemplary embodiment, the interlocking bond is formed when contactsurfaces such as central contact surface 130, first contact surface 132and second contact surface 134 of the male header face mate with groovessuch as central groove 136, first groove 138 and second groove 140 ofthe female header face. In an exemplary embodiment, interlocking theplurality of building blocks similar to building block 100 forms anetwork of vertical and horizontal channels (described in conjunctionwith the description of FIG. 10). In an exemplary embodiment, at leastone of the vertical and horizontal channels is designed to be used forinserting at least one of a plurality of water pipes and a plurality ofelectrical conduits.

Building block 100 as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is a normal buildingblock for use in constructing the building in accordance with variousembodiments. There could be numerous variations in the design ofbuilding block 100 based on end-use of building block 100. In variousembodiments of the invention, building block 100 is used to constructthe normal portions of a building such as, but not limited to, corners,intersections, crossings and connections. Depending on the end-use,building block 100 has a particular design, wherein building block 100can be designed as one of, but not limited to, a corner block, anintersection block, a cross block and a connection block. For instance,if building block 100 is designed to be used for constructing a cornerportion of the building, building block 100 is designed as a cornerblock as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D. FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate differentviews of the corner block, wherein FIG. 5A illustrates an isometric viewof a left corner block 510 in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention, FIG. 5B illustrates a plan view of the left corner block 510in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5C illustratesan isometric view of a right corner block 520 in accordance with anembodiment of the invention, and FIG. 5D illustrates a plan view of theright corner block 520 in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, theheader face at the first end of the corner block is at right angles toanother header face at the second end as shown in FIG. 5A. Further, theheader face at one of the first end and the second end is one of themale header face and the female header face. For instance, the cornerblock can have header faces as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D. In anexemplary embodiment, the header face at the first end of the cornerblock can be aligned at one or more of, a left side and a right sidewith respect to the header face at the second end as shown in FIG. 5Aand FIG. 5C.

In another instance, building block 100 can be designed to be used atone or more three way (T) intersections while constructing the building.For example, building block 100 is designed as a T-block that can beused at the one or more T intersections as shown in FIGS. 6A-6F.Referring now to FIGS. 6A-6F, which illustrate different views of theT-block in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Inparticular, FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an isometric view and a plan viewof a left T-block 600, FIGS. 6C and 6D illustrate an isometric view anda plan view of a right T-block 610, and FIGS. 6E and 6F illustrate anisometric view and a plan view of a normal T-block 620. In an exemplaryembodiment, the T-block includes an additional header face at one of thefirst end and second end. Further, the additional header face isdisposed at right angles to the header face at one of first end andsecond end, as shown in FIGS. 6E. The additional header face can be oneof a male header face and a female header face based on a requirement.In an exemplary embodiment, the additional header face is a femaleheader face 602 disposed at right angle to a female header face 604 atthe first end of the T-block, while the second end includes the maleheader 606 as shown in FIG. 6A.The T-block can have one or morevariations such as, but are not limited to, a left T-block as shown inFIG. 6A and a right T-block as shown in FIG. 6C. The T-block is used atone or more T-intersections while constructing the building. In anexemplary embodiment, the additional header face is placed at an angleof 180 degrees to the header face at one of the first end and the secondend, as shown in FIG. 6E and FIG. 6F. Other variations in design of theT-block will be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art.

In yet another instance, building block 100 can be designed to be usedat one or more four way intersections while constructing the building.For example, building block 100 can be designed as a cross block to beused at the one or more four way intersection as illustrated in FIGS.7A-7B, which illustrate different views of the cross block in accordancewith various embodiments of the invention. In particular, FIG. 7Aillustrates an isometric view of the cross block, and FIG. 7Billustrates a plan view of the cross block. In an exemplary embodiment,the cross block includes two additional header faces at one of the firstend and the second end, wherein the two additional header faces are atright angles to one of the male header face and the female header faceat the first end, as shown in FIG. 7A. The two additional header facescan be one or more of a male header face and a female header facesimilar to the male header and the female header face of building block100. In an exemplary embodiment, a first end of the cross block includesa first female header face 702, a second female header face 704 and athird female header face 706 as shown in FIG. 7A. In accordance with theembodiment shown in FIG. 7A, second female header face 704 and thirdfemale header face 706 are aligned at right angles to first femaleheader face 702. Furthermore, the second end of the cross block includesa male header face 708 as shown in FIG. 7A. In an exemplary embodiment,the cross block is used at one or more four-way intersections during theconstruction of the building.

In still another instance, building block 100 can be designed to be usedat one or more connecting points during the construction of thebuilding. In an example, building block 100 is designed as a connectingblock to be used at one or more connecting points. The one or moreconnecting points include, but not limited to, gaps of differentdimensions at points of termination while constructing the building.Turning now to FIGS. 8A-8F, which illustrate perspective views of theconnecting block in accordance with various embodiments of theinvention. In particular, FIG. 8A illustrates an isometric view of anormal connecting block 800 while FIG. 8B illustrates a plan view ofnormal connecting block 800. FIG. 8C illustrates an isometric view of anegative connecting block 810, while FIG. 8D illustrates a plan view ofnegative connecting block 810. FIG. 8E illustrates an isometric view ofa positive connecting block 820, while FIG. 8F illustrates a plan viewof positive connecting block 820. The connecting block can be at leastone of a normal connecting block, a positive connecting block and anegative connecting block. In an exemplary embodiment, the normalconnecting block, as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B is a compact versionof building block 100 and includes a single substantially verticalhollow (web) such as the substantially vertical hollow (web) of buildingblock 100. In another exemplary embodiment, the positive connectingblocks (similar to that shown in FIGS. 8E-8F) and negative connectingblocks (similar to that shown in FIGS. 8C-8D) include identical headerfaces at the first end and the second end. In an exemplary embodiment,the identical header face can be one of a male header face (as shown inFIGS. 8E-8F) and a female header face (as shown in FIGS. 8C-8D). In anexemplary scenario, the one or more connecting blocks are used to fillsmall uneven gaps created at the one or more points of termination whileconstructing the building.

Building block 100 can also be designed to be an end block (notillustrated in figures), wherein one of the first end and the second endincludes a header face that is a substantially planar face. Further, insuch a design one of the upper face and lower face can be asubstantially planar face. In addition, in such a design only one of theupper face and the lower face includes the substantially hollow (web)channel. Numerous variations in design of building block 100 arepossible and as such those variations would be apparent to thoseordinarily skilled in the art.

Referring now to FIG. 9, which illustrates a perspective view of thebuilding wall constructed using the plurality of similar building blocksin accordance with various embodiments of the invention. In order toenable the construction of the building wall, one or more types ofbuilding block 100 are used. In an exemplary construction of thebuilding wall shown in FIG. 9, building blocks similar to, but notlimited to, a normal building block for use at a normal position such asa normal position 902, a corner block for use at a corner position suchas a corner position 904, a T-block for use at an intersection such asan intersection 906 a and an intersection 906 b, a cross block for useat a crossing such as a crossing 908 and a connecting block for use at aconnecting position such as a connecting position 910 a, connectingposition 910 b and connecting position 910 c. In an embodiment of theinvention, a plurality of building blocks similar to building block 100,are designed to be used for constructing one of a stacking bond and arunning bond without the use of cementitious materials.

Referring now to FIG. 10, which illustrates the perspective view of anetwork of horizontal channels and vertical channels within the buildingwall constructed using the plurality of similar building blocks inaccordance with various embodiments of the invention. In an exemplaryscenario, at least one horizontal channel such as a horizontal channel152 is formed when the upper face of building block 100 interlocks withthe lower face of another building block similar to building block 100.This occurs when the building blocks are stacked upon each other asshown in FIG. 4. In another exemplary scenario, the at least onesubstantially vertical hollow (web) of building block 100 matches withthe at least one substantially vertical hollow (web) of the plurality ofbuilding blocks, similar to building block 100, concentrically whenstacked upon each other, thereby creating at least one vertical channelsuch as a vertical channel 150 as shown in FIG. 10. The network of thevertical channels and the horizontal channels is used for adding atleast one of horizontal and vertical reinforcements such as, but notlimited to, water pipes and electrical conduits.

In accordance with various embodiments, building block 100 can beproduced using one or more of materials such as, but are not limited to,natural raw materials, recycled materials, polymers, clay, sand-cement,concrete, silica-lime, geopolymer and composite materials. Further, inaccordance with various embodiments, building block 100 is producedusing techniques such as, but are not limited to, uniaxially coldpressing, biaxial cold pressing, dry pressing, semi-dry pressing,compacting, cold isostatic pressing, hot pressing, extrusion molding,injection molding, compression molding, gel casting, slip casting andtape casting.

Various embodiments of the invention described different structuralaspects of a building block for use in constructing a building wall. Thebuilding block offers a convenient way to construct buildings andstructures. The building blocks interlock with a plurality of similarbuilding blocks and create a strong bond without using cementitiousmaterials. The plurality of building blocks when assembled, readily forma network of vertical and horizontal channels for installingreinforcements such as electrical conduits and water pipes. The buildingblocks can be manufactured using a variety of materials which enables auser to use an appropriate material according to a desired application,thereby reducing cost of the structure.

Those skilled in the art will realize that the above recognizedadvantages and other advantages described herein are merely exemplaryand are not meant to be a complete rendering of all of the advantages ofthe various embodiments of the invention.

In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments of the inventionhave been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the artappreciates that various modifications and changes can be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention as set forth in the claimsbelow. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded inan illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of theinvention. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and anyelement(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occuror become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical,required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims.The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including anyamendments made during the pendency of this application and allequivalents of those claims as issued.

1. A building block for use in interlocking with a plurality of similarbuilding blocks for constructing a building, the building blockcomprising: a front face; a rear face; an upper face; a lower face; atleast one substantially vertical hollow; at least one substantiallyhorizontal channel disposed along at least one of the upper face and thelower face; a first end, an entirety of the first end comprising a solidsurface forming a male header face; and a second end, the entire secondend comprising a solid surface forming a female header face; wherein themale header face comprises a first stepped pattern projecting outwardsat the first end, wherein the female header face comprises a secondstepped pattern projecting inwards at the second end, wherein the secondstepped pattern is substantially complementary to the first steppedpattern, wherein the male header face of the building block is designedfor interlocking with a female header face of a cooperating interlockingbuilding block without forming a vertical opening between the maleheader face and the female header face, and wherein the cooperatinginterlocking building block is substantially similar to the buildingblock.
 2. The building block of claim 1, wherein the at least onesubstantially vertical hollow is substantially cuboidal and extends fromthe upper face to the lower face of the building block.
 3. The buildingblock of claim 1, wherein the at least one substantially horizontalchannel is substantially concave.
 4. The building block of claim 1,wherein the at least one substantially horizontal channel is disposedsubstantially at a central portion of at least one of the upper face andthe lower face.
 5. The building block of claim 1, wherein the buildingblock and the plurality of similar building blocks are designed tointerlock to form a network of vertical and horizontal channels.
 6. Thebuilding block claim 5, wherein at least one of the vertical andhorizontal channels is designed to be used for addition of at least oneof a plurality of water pipes and a plurality of electrical conduits. 7.The building block of claim 1, wherein the building block is at leastone of an end block, a T-block, a cross block, a corner block and aconnecting block.
 8. The building block of claim 7, wherein the buildingblock is a corner block and the first end of the corner block issubstantially perpendicular to the second end of the corner block. 9.The building block of claim 7, wherein the building block is a T-blockand at least one of the first end and the second end of the T-blockcomprises two header faces, wherein each of the two header faces is afemale header face.
 10. The building block of claim 7, wherein thebuilding block is a cross block and at least one of the first end andthe second end of the cross block comprises three header faces, whereineach of the three header faces is a female header face.
 11. The buildingblock of claim 7, wherein the building block is a connecting block andeach of the first end and the second end of the connecting blockcomprises one header face, wherein the header face is one of a maleheader face and a female header face.
 12. The building block of claim 1,wherein the building block is designed to be interlocked with theplurality of similar building blocks to form a building wall.
 13. Thebuilding block of claim 12, wherein the building block and the pluralityof similar building blocks are designed to be used for constructing oneof a stacking bond and a running bond by using at least one of polymerbased cementitious materials, and geopolymer based cementitiousmaterials.
 14. The building block of claim 12, wherein the buildingblock and the plurality of similar building blocks are designed to beused for constructing one of a stacking bond and a running bond withoutusing at least one of polymer based cementitious materials andgeopolymer based cementitious materials.
 15. The building block of claim1, wherein each of the male header face and the female header face ofthe building blocks comprises a complementary stepped pattern forinterlocking with a complementary header face.
 16. The building block ofclaim 1, wherein the building block is produced using one of natural rawmaterials, waste-derived materials, polymers, clay, sand-cement,concrete, silica-lime, or a geopolymer.
 17. The building block of claim1, wherein the building block is produced by using at least one ofuniaxially cold pressing, biaxial cold pressing, dry pressing, semi-drypressing, compacting, cold isostatic pressing, hot pressing, extrusionmolding, injection molding, compression molding, gel casting, slipcasting and tape casting.